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Showing posts with label Fahrenheit. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Fahrenheit. Show all posts

Sunday, October 13, 2013

97. 100 and 5

Last Sunday, October 6th 2013, was the fifth anniversary of my liver transplant and this is the 100th piece I have posted on this blog and so this is a rather special posting for me. 

I can still remember the feeling of trepidation that I had when I pressed “Send” at 6:15pm on Sunday, January 17th 2010 to post the first one, “Bad Umpiring Decisions & Good Pub Quizzes”.  

My grandson, William, was 18 months old at the time and I had only met him once.  I wrote these things hoping that he might read them some day.  He’s five now and going to school but he’s not ready to read this sort of stuff yet. 

The five-year survival rate for liver transplant patients is around 60% and so I feel very lucky to have lasted this long.  My next target is 10 years and eventually, I want to set a new world record but as that record currently stands at 44 years and that person is younger than I am, and very fit and healthy, I will be at least 105 when I break it.  It’s going to be quite a challenge.

A hundred is a significant, captivating number and not just because it’s round and we use the decimal number system and we only probably use that because we have 10 digits on our two hands.

It’s in cricket that 100 is really important, both for batsmen and for bowlers.  100 is the score that all batters want to achieve as they walk to the crease and 100 wickets in a season is the mark of a good bowler.

Just before 6pm on August 14th 1948, Don Bradman (the finest batsman the world has ever seen, despite what the Indians may say about Tendulkar) went out to bat in what he and the rest of the cricket world knew was to be his last ever innings in test cricket.  

His batting average as he walked to the crease on that Saturday evening was 101.39.  He needed to score at least 4 runs in his last innings to retire with a career average of at least 100.  He didn’t.  He was out for 0 and so his final test batting average was 99.94. 

Think about other ways 100 is a significant number.  People never make a huge fuss about a person’s 99th birthday and the Queen doesn’t send out greetings for any birthday after the 100th.  

When I was a boy I would ride on my bike along Clapham Road in Lowestoft and look through the window of the dairy to try to get a glimpse of Ada Rowe, a supercentenarian, sitting behind the counter where she still worked.  When she died in 1970 having lived to be 111, Ada Rowe was the last proven and documented person in the world still to be alive who was born in the 1850s.  She lived in 13 decades!

I spoke to Ada Rowe once when she must have been about 105.  I saw her through the shop window as I rode by and decided that I had to speak to her just to say that I had.  I went in and asked for a pint of milk.  

“Give me your flask,” she said and it was immediately clear that she didn’t sell milk by the bottle, only direct from the churn.  I wonder if it was pasteurised?

In northern Europe, where the temperature scale was devised by Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit, 100°F is just about the hottest it can ever get but I’ve never experienced that temperature and 94°F is the highest I was ever aware of in Cayman.  

Returning to my moan about the metric system (Metric Madness), this is a key reason why we should never have given up the Fahrenheit scale – Fahrenheit reflects the human experience.

When travelling in a car, 80 mph is fast; 90 is quick but 100 is thrillingly exciting.  Something different happens at 100 mph that doesn’t happen even at slightly lower speeds.  When I was seventeen and at school, five of us went on our scooters (Vespas and Lambrettas) one lunchtime to take it in turns to have a go on Graham Levett’s motorbike, riding along the deserted coast road to try and reach 100 miles an hour.  I eased off at 90 but others were braver.  No helmets – madness!

Writing this blog has been a little like playing an innings in cricket.  Getting off the mark is one of the hardest parts.  I had written the first one for a couple of days before I decided to post it and once I had, there was a sense of relief.  Unlike a cricket innings, however, I don’t remember the 50th one.  I’ve checked and found that it was, “Where are all the pork pies?” which was about a visit that Caroline and I made to watch Arsenal play Manchester City.

Just as in a cricket innings too, I didn’t really think seriously about getting a hundred until I reached the eighties and now, I’ve done it.  It is also like a big innings in that there have been some edges and false shots.  I once scored 106 against Gerrards Cross after which my teammates told me they reckoned only about half my runs had been made as I intended them.  I admitted that there had been a few edges but I thought they were being a little harsh.

If we had eight digits on our two hands like Homer Simpson, we would probably use an octal number system, used sometimes in computer programming.  For those of you unfamiliar with number bases, concentrate!

If we counted in base 8, “100” octal runs in cricket would only be the same as 64 runs – hardly enough to signify much of an achievement.  In a base 12 cricket match, “100” runs would be 144 decimal, which is too many.  100 is perfect.  

“100” in base 8 or octal, is equivalent to 64 in our decimal system.  If Homer Simpson played cricket, would he feel a sense of achievement about scoring “144”?  That’s what he would need to score to have the 100 runs the way we count?  I really doubt it. 

We certainly wouldn’t get very excited at scoring “1100100” runs in cricket, (64 + 32 + 0 + 0 + 4 + 0 + 0) if we counted in base 2 or binary.

Apparently, there are “10” kinds of people: those that understand binary and those that don’t.  This is Caroline’s second favourite joke.  If you don’t get it, send me an email.

Why do computer programmers get Halloween and Christmas mixed up?

Because to a programmer, Oct 31 is the same as Dec 25.

Octal “31” is equal to 25 in base 10.  (Oct 31 = Dec 25)


Apropos of absolutely nothing, here’s a lovely maths poem to accompany the two maths ‘jokes’:

A Dozen, a Gross and a Score 


Plus three times the square root of four, 


Divided by seven, 


Plus five times eleven, 


Equals nine squared and not one bit more.        

                                                            John Saxon

I admit now that there are a few “edges” among the 100 posts in my blog.  There are a couple that make me cringe when I read them again but there are a few that I am rather proud of and I still enjoy reading.

Bradman’s highest ever test score was 334.  I am not going to reach that unless I do live to be 105.

Wednesday, February 29, 2012

76. Metric Madness

In 2009, I was watching television in Cayman.  The European Champions League final was being played in Rome between Barcelona and Manchester United.   A free kick was awarded to Barcelona just outside the United penalty area.  The Manchester players wouldn’t retreat as far from the ball as the Swiss referee thought they should and so he strode ten paces to show the defenders where they should be.

Why ten paces?  Because the official rules of Association Football states that:

“For a direct or indirect free kick all opponents must be at least 9.15 metres from the ball until it is in play.”

So why did the ref stride 10 paces?  Because 10 paces are 10 yards, and 10 yards is 9.15 metres.

The metre is an absurd unit of measurement but so are many of the metric units we are compelled to use in daily life.  They are good for science but hopeless for everyday activity.  

The yard, like all Imperial units, is based upon human experience.  The basic Imperial measurement of length is the inch, and the inch is based on the width of a man’s thumb.

Anybody who is 6 feet tall, is tall – not very tall but tall.  Do you think that a man of 1.83 metres is tall?  Well, yes, he is.  He’s six feet tall.  The only useful or perhaps the only interesting metric measure of height is 2 metres.  Someone who is two metres tall is 6’ 7” and that is very tall.

Metric units are based on our physical natural world and not upon our experience.  The basic unit of metric length is the metre.  When it was first adopted, it was intended to be 1/10,000,000 of the distance from the equator to the North Pole.  Nowadays it is defined as the distance travelled by light through a vacuum in a tiny fraction of a second, so that is hardly based on everyday experience, is it?

“How much room have I got,” asks Caroline as she parks her car.

“About two feet,” I tell her.

I don’t say about 60 centimetres because a foot is a length that we come across all the time.  There are lots of things that are about a foot long from a loaf of bread to.…... well, a foot.

The acre is the Imperial unit of area, and it is the area of land that could be ploughed by a yoke of oxen in one working day.  What is a hectare?  A lot bigger that’s all and of no natural or human significance whatsoever.

The Fahrenheit temperature scale is more subtle and sensitive than Celsius:

°F

Human Experience

°C

30°F

Bitterly cold. Overcoat, scarf and gloves.

-1°C

45°F

Cold.  Warm clothing.

7°C

55°F

Not really cold but you need a jacket.

13°C

65°F

Mild. Jacket not needed.

18°C

75°F

Warm and pleasant.  Shirtsleeves.

23°C

80°F

Hot

27°C

90°F

Very hot.  Reluctant to leave the shade.

32°C

100°F

Unbearably hot. 

37°C

110°F

Too hot for human activity.         

42°C

For really noticeable change to take place a difference of 10°F has to occur but this change is only 5.6°C.  Too much change takes place too quickly when measuring temperature in centigrade.  It lacks the delicate variations of Fahrenheit. 

As someone who has slept more than 1500 nights in the tropics, I can tell you that the difference between a night-time temperature of 75°F and one of 80°F is the difference between comfort and sweaty restlessness, whereas 24°C doesn’t seem that much different from 26.6°C yet they are the same temperatures as 75 and 80°F.

It is in the kitchen that the Imperial measures really come into their own.  I am not a good cook, but I am effective.  As with most things in life that I try, I can do it adequately but not wonderfully well.  I have a tendency, when cooking, not to follow recipes but to bung in anything that takes my fancy and seems right.  I also tend to work to ratios rather than absolute measures but when I do need a measure, give me a teaspoon of vinegar over 5 millilitres every time.  It’s easier and much more convenient.

There is no internationally agreed standard definition of the cup and its volume ranges between 200 and 285 milliliters, but a cup of milk is so much easier to obtain, handle and estimate than 250 ml.  When cooking, a teaspoon, a dessertspoon, and a cup are readily to hand and match up well with other Imperial measures.  For example, a rounded tablespoon of flour is 1 ounce in weight and a cup of liquid is half a pint.

My car averages 45 miles per gallon of fuel (15.8 km/l).  It also therefore does 9.9 miles per litre.  If it would do 50 miles to the gallon it would make a big impact on my motoring costs and a similar improvement in fuel efficiency would give just less than 11 miles per litre (17.6 km/l).  Although the improvement is the same, it hardly seems significant, does it?  I assume that is why vehicle manufacturers still give figures in miles per gallon. 

I suppose that problem would be solved if they used kilometres rather than miles but again the mile is a unit based on human experience.  There was huge worldwide interest when the first four-minute mile was run but nobody got very excited when someone first ran 1609.34 metres in less than 4 minutes and even average ability club runners can run 1500 metres in under 4 minutes.

George Orwell anticipated the problem that we are having.  In the novel 1984, when Winston Smith went into a pub, he witnessed an altercation between an old man and the barman.  The old man had asked for a pint of beer:

“You telling me you ain't got a pint mug in the 'ole bleeding boozer?"

"And what in hell's name is a pint?" said the barman, leaning forward with the tips of his fingers on the counter.

"E could 'a drawed me off a pint," grumbled the old man as he settled down behind a glass. "A 'alf litre ain't enough. It don't satisfy. And a 'ole litre's too much. It starts my bladder running. Let alone the price."

“You must have seen great changes since you were a young man,” said Winston tentatively.

Spot on, George!  Let’s stop this madness while we can.